The Transformative Power of Knowledge in Terraced Landscapes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51349/veg.2021.1.11Keywords:
Agricultural Terraces, Biocultural Wisdom, Participatory Action Research, Cognitive JusticeAbstract
This article deals with agriculture as a transformative human action that shapes the knowledge of groups living and producing in terraced landscapes. We present the perceptions, concepts, values and visions of these groups within the context of biocultural diversity. This analysis is based on the methodological application of Participatory Action Research in mountainous communities in Asia, Europe and Latin America. Finally, we reflect on the destiny of biocultural diversity and sustainability, indicating that empowerment of local initiatives will yield democratic spaces for the coexistence of local wisdoms aiming for cognitive justice.
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References
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ETC-Group (2017): ¿Quién nos alimentará? La red campesina alimentaria o la cadena agroindustrial, ETC, Val David, Canadá.
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Gavazzi, A. (2010): Arquitectura Andina. Formas e historia de los espacios sagrados, Apu Graph Editores, Lima.
Gudynas, E. (2011): Buen vivir: Germinando alternativas al desarrollo, ALAI, Quito.
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Laird, S., ed. (2002): Biodiversity and traditional knowledge. Equitable partnerships in practice, Earthscan, London.
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Marglin, S. (2000): Perdiendo el contacto. Hacia la descolonización de la economía, Pratec, Lima.
Marglin, S. (2006): Dominating knowledge. Development, culture and resistance, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Maffi, L., ed. (2001): On biocultural diversity-linking language, knowledge and the environment, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
Mooney, P. (2019): La insostenible agricultura 4.0-Digitalización y poder corporativo en la cadena alimentaria, Grupo ETC, México.
Pérez Sánchez, J.M. (2014): Agricultura de terrazas en Tlaxcala: La Caridad Cuaxonacayo, Gobierno Tlaxcala, México.
Peters, H., Shi, J. (2012): First Terraced Landscapes Conference. Paper collection, Yunnan Publishing House, Kunming.
Phuntsho, K. (2013): The history of Bhutan, Random House India, Gurgaon.
Pimbert, M., ed. (2018): Food Sovereignty, agroecology and biocultural diversity. Constructing and contesting knowledge, Routledge, Earthscan, Oxon.
Posey, D., ed. (1999): Cultural and spiritual values of biodiversity, UNEP, Nairobi.
Prain, G.; Fujisaka, S.; Warren, M.D. (1999): Biological and cultural diversity. The role of indigenous agricultural experimentation in development, IT Publications, London.
Salas, M. (2013): Los sabores y las voces de la tierra. Visualizando la soberanía alimentaria en los Andes, IIED-PASA, London.
Salas, M.; Tillmann, T. (2010): Participatory Action Research: Embracing the knowledge perspective within field research, RCSD, Chiang Mai.
Sandor, J.A. (2006): «Ancient Agricultural Terraces and Soils», en B. P. Warkentin, Footprints in the Soil. People and Ideas in Soil History, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 505-534.
Santosombat, Y. (2003): Biodiversity, local knowledge and sustainable development, RCSD, Chiang Mai.
Smith, B.D. (1994): The emergence of agricultura, Scientific American Library, New York.
Toledo, V.M., Barrera-Bassols, N. (2008): La memoria biocultural. La importancia de las sabidurías tradicionales, Icaria, Barcelona.
Tillmann, T. (1997): Las estrellas no mienten. Agricultura y ecología subjetiva andina en Jauja, Peru, Abya-Yala, Quito.
Tillmann, T.; Bueno de Mesquita, M. (2014): Encuentro de culturas y saberes de terrazas del mundo. II Congreso Internacional de Terrazas, CBC - JICA, Cusco.
Tillmann, T.; Varotto, M. (2016): «9 - Heritage and historical rural landscapes - Ischia e Costiera Amalfitana», en F. Alberti, A. Dal Pozzo, D. Murtas, M. A. Salas y T. Tillmann, Paesaggi terrazzati: Scelte per il Futuro, Regione del Veneto, Venezia: 107-114.
UNESCO (2008): Sustainable tourism and the preservation of the world heritage site of the Ifugao Rice Terraces, Philippines, IMPACT, Bangkok
Varotto, M.; Bonardi, L.; Tarolli, P. (eds.) (2019): World terraced landscapes: history, environment, quality of life, Springer, Cham.
Vavilov, N.I. (1992): Origin and Geography of Cultivated Plants, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Visvanathan, S. (2006): «Official hegemony and contesting pluralisms», en G. Lins y A. Escobar (eds.), World Anthropologies. Disciplinary transformations within systems of power, Berg Publishers, Oxford: 239-258.
Watson, E. (2009): Living terraces in Ethiopia. Konso landscape, culture and development, James Currey, Suffolk.
Weikenmeier, P.; Weikenmeier, A. (1994): Jemen. Landschaft, Menschen, Kulturgeschichte, Belser Verlag, Zürich.
Zuidema, T. (2010): El calendario Inca. Tiempo y espacio en la organización ritual del Cuzco. La idea del pasado, Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú, Lima.
Alberti, F. et alii, eds. (2018): Terraced Landscapes: choosing the future, Regione del Veneto, Venezia.
Baguilat, C. (2012): «Conservation and development of the rice terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras as a world heritage site», en H. Peters y J. Shi (eds.), First Terraced Landscapes Conference (Honghe - China), Yunnan People's Publishing House, Kunming.
Berman, M. (1981): The reenchantment of the world, Cornell University Press, Cornell.
Bouchery, P. (2010): «Irrigation System and Religious Interpretation of the Local Environment among the Hanis in Yunnan», en M. Lecomte-Tilouine, Nature, Culture and Religion at the Crossroads of Asia, Social Science Press, Routledge, Abingdon: 318-342.
Brokhensha, D.; Warren, M.; Werner, O., eds. (1980): Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Development, University of America Press, Lanham
Childe, G. (1956): Society and knowledge, George Allan & Unwin Ltd., London.
Conklin, H. (1980): Ethnographic Atlas of Ifugao: A Study of Environment, Culture, and Society in Northern Luzon, American Geographical Society of New York, New York.
Cook, N.D. (2011): Los hijos del volcán, dualidad andina en el Valle del Colca, Ediciones El Lector, Lima.
Cowan, C.W.; Watson, P.J., eds. (1992): The origins of agriculture, an international perspective, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
De Sousa Santos, B., coord. (2004): Democratizar la democracia. Los caminos de la democracia participativa, Fondo de Cultura Económica, México
De Sousa Santos, B. (2014): Epistemologies of the South, justice against epistemicide, Paradigm, Boulder.
Donkin, R.A. (1979): Agricultural terracing in the Aboriginal New World, Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, Tucson, Arizona.
Earls, J. (2015): «Inka cosmology in Moray: Astronomy, agriculture and pilgrimage», en I. Shimada, The Inka empire, a multidisciplinary approach, University of Texas Press, Austin: 121-147.
Eco, U.; Zorzoli, G.B. (1962): Historia ilustrada de los inventos, Fabril, Buenos Aires.
Einarsen, J., ed. (1995): The sacred mountains of Asia, Shambala, Boston.
ETC-Group (2017): ¿Quién nos alimentará? La red campesina alimentaria o la cadena agroindustrial, ETC, Val David, Canadá.
Fals Borda, O. (1984): El problema de como investigar la realidad para transformarla en la praxis, Tercer mundo editores, Bogotá.
Fals Borda, O. (1992): «La ciencia y el pueblo: nuevas reflexiones», en M. Salazar, La investigación-acción participativa. Inicios y desarrollos, Cooperativa Editorial Magisterio, Bogotá: 65-84.
FAO (2018): Sistemas importantes del patrimonio agrícola mundial. Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). Combining agricultural biodiversity, resilient ecosystems, traditional farming practices and cultural identity, FAO, Roma.
Fuller, D.; Weisskopf, A.; Cobo, C. (2016): «Pathways of rice diversification across Asia», Archaeology international, 19: 84-96.
Gavazzi, A. (2010): Arquitectura Andina. Formas e historia de los espacios sagrados, Apu Graph Editores, Lima.
Gudynas, E. (2011): Buen vivir: Germinando alternativas al desarrollo, ALAI, Quito.
Guimbatan, R.; Baguilat, T. (2006): «Misunderstanding the notion of conservation in the Philippine rice terraces-cultural landscapes», International Social Science Journal, 58 (187): 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2451.2006.00606.x.
Havelock, R. (1986): «The knowledge perspective: Definition and scope of a new study domain», en G. Beal, W. Dissayanake y S. Konoshima, Knowledge generation, exchange and utilization, Westview, Boulder: 11-34.
ITLA (2020): Conclusiones iv Congreso ITLA de La Gomera, Islas Canarias. ITLA, San Sebastián, La Gomera.
Kieninger, P.R.; Yamaji, E.; Penker, M. (2011): «Urban people as paddy farmers: The Japanese Tanada Ownership System discussed from a European perspective», Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems: 26 (4): 328-341.
Kimbrell, A., ed. (2002): Fatal harvest-the tragedy of industrial agricultura, Island Press, Washington.
Laird, S., ed. (2002): Biodiversity and traditional knowledge. Equitable partnerships in practice, Earthscan, London.
Lévi-Strauss, C. (1964): El pensamiento salvaje, Fondo de Cultura Económica, México.
Marglin, S. (2000): Perdiendo el contacto. Hacia la descolonización de la economía, Pratec, Lima.
Marglin, S. (2006): Dominating knowledge. Development, culture and resistance, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Maffi, L., ed. (2001): On biocultural diversity-linking language, knowledge and the environment, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
Mooney, P. (2019): La insostenible agricultura 4.0-Digitalización y poder corporativo en la cadena alimentaria, Grupo ETC, México.
Pérez Sánchez, J.M. (2014): Agricultura de terrazas en Tlaxcala: La Caridad Cuaxonacayo, Gobierno Tlaxcala, México.
Peters, H., Shi, J. (2012): First Terraced Landscapes Conference. Paper collection, Yunnan Publishing House, Kunming.
Phuntsho, K. (2013): The history of Bhutan, Random House India, Gurgaon.
Pimbert, M., ed. (2018): Food Sovereignty, agroecology and biocultural diversity. Constructing and contesting knowledge, Routledge, Earthscan, Oxon.
Posey, D., ed. (1999): Cultural and spiritual values of biodiversity, UNEP, Nairobi.
Prain, G.; Fujisaka, S.; Warren, M.D. (1999): Biological and cultural diversity. The role of indigenous agricultural experimentation in development, IT Publications, London.
Salas, M. (2013): Los sabores y las voces de la tierra. Visualizando la soberanía alimentaria en los Andes, IIED-PASA, London.
Salas, M.; Tillmann, T. (2010): Participatory Action Research: Embracing the knowledge perspective within field research, RCSD, Chiang Mai.
Sandor, J.A. (2006): «Ancient Agricultural Terraces and Soils», en B. P. Warkentin, Footprints in the Soil. People and Ideas in Soil History, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 505-534.
Santosombat, Y. (2003): Biodiversity, local knowledge and sustainable development, RCSD, Chiang Mai.
Smith, B.D. (1994): The emergence of agricultura, Scientific American Library, New York.
Toledo, V.M., Barrera-Bassols, N. (2008): La memoria biocultural. La importancia de las sabidurías tradicionales, Icaria, Barcelona.
Tillmann, T. (1997): Las estrellas no mienten. Agricultura y ecología subjetiva andina en Jauja, Peru, Abya-Yala, Quito.
Tillmann, T.; Bueno de Mesquita, M. (2014): Encuentro de culturas y saberes de terrazas del mundo. II Congreso Internacional de Terrazas, CBC - JICA, Cusco.
Tillmann, T.; Varotto, M. (2016): «9 - Heritage and historical rural landscapes - Ischia e Costiera Amalfitana», en F. Alberti, A. Dal Pozzo, D. Murtas, M. A. Salas y T. Tillmann, Paesaggi terrazzati: Scelte per il Futuro, Regione del Veneto, Venezia: 107-114.
UNESCO (2008): Sustainable tourism and the preservation of the world heritage site of the Ifugao Rice Terraces, Philippines, IMPACT, Bangkok
Varotto, M.; Bonardi, L.; Tarolli, P. (eds.) (2019): World terraced landscapes: history, environment, quality of life, Springer, Cham.
Vavilov, N.I. (1992): Origin and Geography of Cultivated Plants, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Visvanathan, S. (2006): «Official hegemony and contesting pluralisms», en G. Lins y A. Escobar (eds.), World Anthropologies. Disciplinary transformations within systems of power, Berg Publishers, Oxford: 239-258.
Watson, E. (2009): Living terraces in Ethiopia. Konso landscape, culture and development, James Currey, Suffolk.
Weikenmeier, P.; Weikenmeier, A. (1994): Jemen. Landschaft, Menschen, Kulturgeschichte, Belser Verlag, Zürich.
Zuidema, T. (2010): El calendario Inca. Tiempo y espacio en la organización ritual del Cuzco. La idea del pasado, Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú, Lima.
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