Grupos urbanos y asistencia social: el hospital de San Martín en Las Palmas en el seiscientos
Keywords:
hospital, asistencia, pobreza, enfermo, hermandad, control social, care, poverty, patient, brotherhood, social controlAbstract
El hospital de San Martín fue una de las principales instituciones asistenciales de las islas durante todo el Antiguo Régimen. Sus cortos ingresos fueron sostenidos por las rentas procedentes de los bienes de su fundación, por las aportaciones del Cabildo Catedral, del obispo, las limosnas de los vecinos y la de los acogidos, aunque siempre su economía estuvo en precario ante la gran cantidad media de asilados. Los enfermos estaban integrados en un amplio porcentaje por miembros de las capas populares —libertos, pobres mendicantes, pequeños artesanos, marineros, viudas, mujeres abandonadas— cuyas enfermedades básicas eran la pobreza, la marginalidad y la vejez. La entidad fue, ante todo, un centro en el que el grupo de poder distribuyó una mínima parte de las ingentes ganancias percibidas a través de la explotación de los sectores populares, buscando a cambio el mantenimiento de sus intereses con el control de dicha población, presentarse ante ellos como sus benefactores y la compra, si era posible, del perdón eterno.
Saint Martin’s Hospital was one of the major care institutions in the Canary Islands throughout the Acient Regimen. Its scarce income was sustained thanks to the revenues, which came from the assets of its foundation, the contributions made by the Board of the Cathedral, the bishop, the donations by the neighbours and those made by the patients, although its finances were always precarious due to the great number of residents sheltered there on average. A high percentage of the patients were mainly members of the lower classes —freemen (ex-slaves), beggars, craftsmen, sailors, widows, abandoned women— whose sufferings were mainly poverty, marginality and old age. This institution was, above all, a body in which the power groups invested a minimum part of the huge income obtained through the exploitation of the popular sectors of society, whose aims were the maintenance of their interests through the exertion of total control over such population, therefore presenting themselves with the image of benefactors, and the purchase, if possible, of the eternal blessings.
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