Las dotes matrimoniales en Lanzarote, un ejemplo aproximativo bajo el reinado del último Austria (1675-1683): el casamiento en una sociedad fronteriza
Keywords:
carta dotal, casamiento, familia, endogamia, soltería, cosecha, emigración, muebles, menaje, otorgante, dowry letter, marriage, family, inbreeding, unmarried state, crop, emigration, furniture, housekeepingAbstract
Nuestro artículo recoge las circunstancias que rodeaban al casamiento en la isla de Lanzarote entre 1673 y 1683. Su importancia radica en la luz que arroja sobre la composición de la carta dotal, en un período (reinado de Carlos II) en el que la opacidad y la falta de datos se impone. La dote se perfilará en territorio conejero, zona fronteriza y de tránsito de gentes e ideas, como un mecanismo de control social. La mujer es un mero sujeto pasivo de un trato comercial que se efectuaba con su persona. El fin perseguido era unir dos patrimonios e inaugurar un nuevo núcleo familiar. La soltería era un mal al que había que ponerle remedio, teniendo en cuenta que la vida femenina estaba encaminada a la procreación. Ahí era donde entraba en juego la solidaridad familiar, que adquiere en Lanzarote una importancia determinante. El ritmo agrícola será el que dicte las pautas. Así, los casamientos se efectuarán en verano, una vez recogida la cosecha, y siempre haci6ndolos coincidir con días de festividades. La escritura dota1 se realizará a principios de otoño, con la siembra. De la misma forma, un ano de buenos rendimientos agrícolas suponía un año pródigo en casamientos, y también una herramienta para romper la endogamia imperante. Los pequeños y medianos propietarios de tierras son los protagonistas de este estudio, diseminados en 63 escrituras dotales y 5 escribanos diferentes. Fanegadas de sembradura, calderas, enaguas y aljibes serán las piezas que compone el universo sobre el que gravita la existencia de la mujer conejera en estos momentos. A las puertas del siglo de la luz y la Iliustración, su existencia seguía siendo oscura y anónima.
This essay explains in what way marriage used to take place in Lanzarote in the period between 1675-1 683. This item has a particular importance because of the appearance of new information related to the dowry letter, specially in a period of the history there is no much certain information (in the reign of Charles 11). Dowry will become in a social control instrument mechanism in this island, in the frontier with movements of people and ideas. Women mean a passive subject corresponding to a commercial exchange. The object of this matter was to join two patrimony and to create a new family. Unmarried was highly improper, taking into account that women was absoly connected to procreation. In precedent context family solidarity plays an important role in Lanzarote. Marriage performance used to be subject to agriculture stages. In this way, marriages are performed in the summer, once crop is got. The dowry letter is made at the beginning of autumn. In the same way, the more agriculture results means a year with too many marriages, and also an instrument to brake the imbreeding. Small and middle owners are the protagonists of this research, divided into 63 dowry writings and 5 different writers. At this time, women from Lanzarote was associated with boilers, tanks, and grain. At the beginning of the age of the Ilustration, woman's life in Lanzarote was still dark and unclear.
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