From Comenius to Newton. The Chiliastic Nature of Pansophic Knowledge
Keywords:
Comenius, Newton, Pansophism, ChiliasmAbstract
Comenius adopted the term “pansophia” to define a comprehensive system of knowledge drawn from the concordance between the senses, reason and divine revelation – a structure that recalls the threefold pattern of Isaac Newton’s scholarship (his scientific research, alchemical experiments and biblical exegesis). Newton’s conviction that there is a universal language for decrypting alchemical symbols, religious truths and the physical world alike is what enables us to describe his intellectual endeavour as pansophic. Besides, the eventual goal of human palingenesis which would usher in the Golden Age of the Millennium is what binds together the forerunners of true pansophism and Newton’s scholarship.Downloads
References
Bamborough, J. B. (1952): The Little World of Man, Longman, London.
Bechler, Z. (ed.) (1982): Contemporary Newtonian Research, Reidel, Dordrecht.
Blair, A. (2000): “Mosaic Physics and the Search for a Pious Natural Philosophy in the Late Renaissance”, Isis 91: 32-58.
Brooke J.; Maclean I. (eds.) (2005): Heterodoxy in Early Modern Science and Religion, OUP, Oxford.
Cengiarotti, G. (1997): “Tra ‘Entuasiasti’ e ‘Virtuosi’. Gli ‘Scritti Inglesi’ di Comenio, Harrington e la nuova scienza”, Studi Storici 38: 157-176.
Churchill, M. S. (1967): “The Seven Chapters, with Explanatory Notes”, Chymia 12:29-57.
Comenius, J. A. (1952): Didactica Magna e Pansophia, ed. Antonio Corsano and Amelia Capodacqua, La Nuova Italia, Firenze.
Comenius, J. A. (1651): Naturall Philosophie Reformed by Divine Light; or, A Synopsis of Physicks Robert and William Leybourn, for Thomas Pierrepont, London.
Comenius, J. A. (1974): Opere, ed. Marta Fattori, Unione tipografico-editrice torinese, Torino.
Comenius, J. A. (1983): Pampaedia, ed. Pasquale Cammarota, Armando, Roma.
Copenhaver, B. P. (ed.) (1992): Hermetica: the Greek Corpus Hermeticum and the Latin Asclepius in a new English translation, with notes and introduction, CUP, Cambridge.
Crisciani, C. (2008): “Opus and Sermo: The Relationship between Alchemy and Prophecy (12th-14th Centuries)”, Early Science and Medicine 13: 4-24.
DeMott, B. (1955): “Comenius and the Real Character in England,” PMLA 70: 1068-1081.
Dobbs, B. J. T. (1982): “Newton’s Alchemy and His Theory of Matter”, Isis 73: 511-528.
Dobbs, B. J. T. (1991): The Janus Faces of Genius, CUP, Cambridge.
Dobbs, B. J. T.; Jacob, M. C. (eds.) (1995): Newton and the Culture of Newtonianism, Humanities Press International, Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey.
Edwards, J. (1977): Apocalyptic Writings, ed. Stephen J. Stein, Yale University Press, New Haven.
Firth, K. R. (1979): The Apocalyptic Tradition in Reformation Britain 1530-1645, OUP, Oxford.
Fitzgibbon Young, R. (1932): Comenius in England, OUP, London.
Fitzgibbon Young, R. (1940-1941): “The Visit of Comenius to London in 1641-1642 and Its Bearing on the Origins of the Royal Society”, Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 3: 159-160.
Force, J. E.; Popkin, R. H. (eds.) (1990): Essays on the Context, Nature, and Influence of Isaac Newton’s Theology, Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Goldie, M. (1983): “Obligations, Utopias, and their Historical Context”, The Historical Journal 26: 727-746.
Goris, W. et al. (ed.) (2016): Gewalt sei ferne den Dingen! Contemporary Perspectives on the Works of John Amos Comenius, Springer, Wiesbaden.
Greengrass, M. (1995): “The Financing of a Seventeenth-Century Intellectual: Contributions for Comenius, 1637-1641”, Acta Comeniana 11: 71-87.
Fauvel, J. et al. (ed.) (1988): Let Newton Be!, OUP, Oxford.
Force, J. E. (1990): “Newton’s God of Dominion: The Unity of Newton’s Theological, Scientific, and Political Thought”, in J. E. Force and R. H. Popkin (eds.), Essays on the Context, Nature, and Influence of Isaac Newton’s Theology, Kluwer, Dordrecht: 75-102.
Force, J. E. (1999a): “Newtons, the ‘Ancients,’ and the ‘Moderns’”, in J. E. Force and R. H. Popkin (eds.), Newton and Religion: Context, Nature, and Influence, Kluwer, Dordrecht: 237-257.
Force, J. E.; Popkin, R. H. (eds.) (1999b): Newton and Religion: Context, Nature, and Influence, Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Garber, D.; Ayers, M. (eds.) (1998): The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy, CUP, Cambridge.
Harrison, P. (2007): The Fall of Man and the Foundations of Science, CUP, Cambridge.
Karel, H. (1953): “Review: Two Pansophical Works by John Amos Comenius and G. H. Turnbull”, Isis 44: 66-68.
Katz, D. S.; Popkin, R. H. (1998): Messianic Revolution, Penguin, London.
Klossowski de Rola, S. (1988): The Golden Game. Alchemical Engravings of the Seventeenth Century, Thames & Hudson, London.
Linden, S. J. (1996): Darke Hierogliphicks. Alchemy in English Literature from Chaucer to the Restoration, The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington.
Lovejoy, A. (1960): The Great Chain of Being, Harper, New York.
Mandelbaum, M. (1965): “The History of Ideas, Intellectual History, and the History of Philosophy”, History and Theory 5: 33-66.
Manuel, F. E.; Manuel, F. P. (1979): Utopian Thought in the Western World, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Maxwell-Stuart, P. G. (ed.) (1999): The Occult in Early Modern Europe. A Documentary History, Macmillan, Basingstoke.
McCalla, A. (2013): The Creationist Debate: the Encounter between the Bible and the Historical Mind, 2nd ed., Bloomsbury, London.
McGuire, J. E.; Rattansi, P. M. (1966): “Newton and the ‘Pipes of Pan’”, Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 21: 108-143.
Miskovska, V. T. (1962): “Comenius (Komensky) on Lexical Symbolism in an Artificial Language”, Philosophy 37: 238-244.
Murrin, M. (1984): “Revelation and two seventeenth century commentators”, in C. A. Patrides and J. Wittreich (eds.), The Apocalypse in English Renaissance Thought and Literature, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York: 125-146.
Newton, I. (1972): Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, 3rd ed. (1726), ed. A. Koyré and I. Bernard Cohen with Anne Whitman, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Newton, I. (1999): The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, a new translation by I. Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman assisted by Julia Budenz, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Osler, M. J.; Farber, P. L. (eds.) (1985): Religion, Science, and Worldview: Essays in Honor of Richard S. Westfall, CUP, Cambridge.
Patrides, C. A.; Wittreich, J. (eds.) (1984): The Apocalypse in English Renaissance Thought and Literature, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.
Piaget, J. (1993): “Jan Amos Comenius,” Prospects XXIII: 173-196.
Popkin, R. H. (1988a): “Newton’s Biblical Theology and His Theological Physics”, in P. B. Scheurer and G. Debrock (eds.), Newton’s Scientific and Philosophical Legacy, Kluwer, Dordrecht: 81-97.
Popkin, R. H. (ed.) (1988b): Millenarianism and Messianism in English Literature and Thought 1650-1800, E. J. Brill, Leiden.
Popkin, R. H. (ed.) (1992): The Third Force in Seventeenth-century Thought, Brill, Leiden.
Quinn, A. (1988): “On Reading Newton Apocalyptically”, in R. H. Popkin (ed.), Millenarianism and Messianism in English Literature and Thought 1650-1800, E. J. Brill, Leiden: 176-192.
Righini Bonelli, M. L.; Shea, W. R. (eds.) (1975): Reason, Experiment, and Mysticism, Science History Publications, New York.
Shea, W. R. (1975); “Introduction: Trends in the Interpretation of Seventeenth Century Science”, in M. L. Righini Bonelli and W. R. Shea (eds.), Reason, Experiment, and Mysticism, Science History Publications, New York: 1-17.
Scheurer, P. B.; Debrock, G. (eds.) (1988): Newton’s Scientific and Philosophical Legacy, Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Schuler, R. M. (1980): “Some Spiritual Alchemies of Seventeenth-Century England”, Journal of the History of Ideas 41: 293-318.
Sherwood Taylor, F. (1956): “An Alchemical Work of Sir Isaac Newton”, Ambix 5: 61-64.
Shklar, J. N. (1981): “Review: Utopian Thought in the Western World by Frank E. Manuel; Fritzie P. Manuel”, Political Theory 9: 278-283.
Snobelen, S. D. (2004): “To Discourse of God: Isaac Newton’s Heterodox Theology and His Natural Philosophy”, in P. B. Wood (ed.), Science and Dissent in England, 1688-1945, Ashgate, Aldershot: 39-65.
Snobelen, S. D. (2005): “‘The True Frame of Nature’: Isaac Newton, Heresy and the Reformation of Natural Philosophy”, in Brooke, J.; Maclean, I. (eds.), Heterodoxy in Early Modern Science and Religion, OUP, Oxford: 223-262.
Spielvogel, J. (1987): “Reflections on Renaissance Hermeticism and Seventeenth-Century Utopias”, Utopian Studies 1: 188-197.
Spinka, M. (1953): “Comenian Pansophic Principles”, Church History 22: 155-165.
Stimson, D. (1935): “Comenius and the Invisible College”, Isis 23: 373-388.
Tillyard, E. M. W. (1972): The Elizabethan World Picture, Penguin, Harmondsworth.
Van Vliet, P.; Vanderjagt, A. J. (eds.) (1994): Johannes Amos Comenius (1592-1670): Exponent of European Culture?, North Holland, Amsterdam.
Vasoli, C. (2005): L’enciclopedismo del Seicento, Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici, Napoli.
Westfall, R. S. (1975): “The Role of Alchemy in Newton’s Career”, in Righini Bonelli, M. L.; Shea, W. R. (eds.): Reason, Experiment, and Mysticism, Science History Publications, New York: 189-232.
Westfall, R. S. (1982): “Newton’s Theological Manuscripts”, in Bechler, Z. (ed.), Contemporary Newtonian Research, Reidel, Dordrecht: 129-144.
Westfall, R. S. (1987): “Newton’s Scientific Personality”, Journal of the History of Ideas 48: 551-570.
Woldring, H. S. (2016): “Comenius’ Syncritic Method of Pansophic Research between Utopia and Rationalism”, in Goris, W. et al. (ed.), Gewalt sei ferne den Dingen! Contemporary Perspectives on the Works of John Amos Comenius, Springer, Wiesbaden: 23-43.
Wood, P. B. (ed.) (2004): Science and Dissent in England, 1688-1945, Ashgate, Aldershot.
Downloads
Issue
Section
License
The articles are open access distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) Spain 4.0 license. Authors who publish in this journal agree with the following terms:
a) Authors retain the copyright and guarantee the journal the right to be the first publication of the work as well as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with a recognition of the authorship of the work and the Initial publication in this magazine.
b) Authors may separately establish additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (for example, place it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with recognition of its initial publication in this magazine.
c) Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (for example, in institutional repositories or on their own website) before and during the submission process, as it may result in productive exchanges, as well as a earliest and largest citation of published works (See The Effect of Open Access).