Ingenios hidráulicos para procesar hierro en el Reyno de Goathemala: Metapán del Hierro. Un acercamiento desde la arqueología y la historia
Keywords:
ingenios hidráulicos, producción de hierro, arqueología histórica, El Salvador, hydraulic engineering, iron production, historical archeologyAbstract
El presente artículo resulta de dos temporadas de campo de la investigación de Registro y reconocimiento
de sitios arqueológicos históricos de El Salvador, el cual tenía como uno de sus objetivos, el
documentar a través de la arqueología y desde las fuentes históricas, los restos de los antiguos ingenios
hidráulicos utilizados en la producción de hierro del antiguo Reyno de Goathemala, en el actual territorio
de El Salvador. La investigación consistió de un estudio de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, a
través de visitas de campo, la recolección superficial de materiales culturales y el análisis de las fuentes
documentales. En total se documentaron nueve sitios históricos que contienen los restos de antiguos
ingenios hidráulicos que sirvieron para producir hierro durante el período colonial. La producción de
hierro, jugó un papel fundamental en el desarrollo social, económico, político y étnico de las sociedades
provinciales del Reino de Guatemala. La región que en su momento llegó a ser conocida como Metapán
del Hierro, jugó un papel trascendental, junto a las localidades de San Salvador, León y Granada,
en los primeros movimientos emancipadores de la Centroamérica colonial.
This paper results from two seasons of field research and registration historical archaeological sites of El
Salvador, which had as one of its objectives, the document through archeology and from historical sources,
the remains of the old hydraulic devices used in the production of iron of the old kingdom of Goathemala,
in the present territory of El Salvador. The research consisted of a study of exploratory and descriptive,
through field visits, surface collection of cultural materials and analysis of documentary sources. A total
of nine sites were documented historical containing the remains of ancient hydraulic devices that were
used to produce iron during the colonial period. Iron production, played a key role in the social, economic,
political and ethnic provincial societies of the Kingdom of Guatemala. The region that once it became
known as the Iron Metapán, played a major role, along with the towns of San Salvador, Leon and Granada,
in the early emancipation movements of colonial Central America.
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