Impacto social de proyectos hidráulicos. Una aproximación a una política del reacomodo social en México
Keywords:
políticas de desarrollo, proyectos hidráulicos, reacomodos involuntarios, impactos sociales, development policies, hydraulic projects, involuntary rearrangements, social impactsAbstract
Actualmente en muchos países de América Latina, incluido por supuesto México, se están aplicado
políticas de desarrollo en lo que respecta a manejos hidráulicos, que en la mayoría de los casos tienen
que ver con normas, criterios o sugerencias emanados de los organismos internacionales de financiamiento,
es decir Banco Mundial, Fondo Monetario Internacional, Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo,
entre otras. Sin embargo estas políticas o directrices en algunos casos son ajenas a las condiciones particulares
de la nación en que se aplican.
Esta situación implica la necesidad de adecuar las políticas de desarrollo sugeridas, a las condiciones
locales del país que las aplique y más aun, se requiere adecuarlas a la realidad social del espacio regional,
en donde serán llevadas a cabo. Sin embargo, no es fácil conseguir esto pues se requiere involucrar
diversos «agentes» que en muchos casos, suelen estar en desacuerdo: la población que será
afectada o impactada de alguna manera por la implementación; los niveles de gobierno involucrados
(federal, estatal, municipal); las agencias u organismos que desarrollan o supervisan la obra (esto implica
tanto agencias gubernamentales como organismos privados-contratistas); los organismos internacionales
de financiamiento y sus intereses.
Currently in many Latin American countries, including Mexico, are applied development policy in
regards to hydraulic steering, which in most cases have to do with standards, criteria and suggestions
emanating from the international financial institutions, i.e., World Bank, International Monetary Fund,
inter-American Development Bank, among others. However these policies or guidelines in some cases
are unrelated to the specific conditions of the nation in which it is applied.
This situation implies the need to adapt the suggested development policies, to local conditions of the
country in which they are applied, and moreover, it is required to adapt them to the social reality of
the regional space, where will be carried out. However, it is not easy to achieve this as it requires
involving different «actors» that in many cases, tend to disagree: the population that will be affected
or impacted in any way by the implementation; levels of Government involved (federal, state,
municipal); agencies or bodies that develop or supervise the work (this implies both government
agencies and private contractors) international funding agencies and interests.
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