Las migraciones internacionales o el gran desafío del siglo XXI
Keywords:
ciudadanía, solidaridad y cooperación, integración, asimilación, nacionalismo étnico, racismo, xenofobia, naturalización, remesas, ius soli, ius sanguirnis, ius domicili, citizenship, solidarity and cooperation, integration, assimilationAbstract
El recién estrenado Siglo XXI se enfrenta al reto de la inmigración masiva por medio de la cual se trasvasan excedentes demográficos legales y clandestinos impulsados por fiferentes calamidades desde los países en desarrollo hacia las zonas más prósperas del planeta. Este fenómeno social y económico tiene como motor impulsor los graves desequilibrios en la distribución de la riqueza. A consecuencia de estos movimientos se están produciendo cambios de todo tipo tanto en las sociedades de origen corno en las de recepción. Estos cambios pueden valorarse corno positivos para las dos partes (inmigrantes y acogedores) en algunos pocos casos y muy negativos en determinados supuestos (explotación de los inmigrantes legales y sobreexplotación de los ilegales). Europa y el conjunto del llamado Mundo Occidental se debate entre el establecimiento de contingente smigratorios, integración, control de los traficantes de personas, conversi6n en ciudadanos a los que se naturalizan, medidas contra los abusos a inmigrantes y la xenofobia porque la economía capitalista está atravesando una fase expansiva. Pero ¿sucederá cuando sobrevenga un ciclo recesivo? ¿Serán de nuevo los inmigrantes y las minorías étnicas los chivos expiatorios de las desventuras económicas y del malestar social? Como anticipo como anticipo preventivo conviene desde ahora iniciar un debate sobre los retos futuros de la inmigración desde todos los puntos de vista. El presente trabajo pretende contribuir positivamente a ese debate en un asunto de extraordinaria responsabilidad por su complejidad y por la realidad a veces dramática de nuestro entorno geográfico más inmediato.
The newly born twenty first century faces the challenge of massive immigration through which legal and clandestine demographic excesses are transferred. Immigrants are compelled by different calamities to displacement from developing countries to more prosperous, areas of the planet. This social and economic phenomenon is caused by the serious imbalances in the distribution of wealth. As a consequence of these flows all kinds of changes area taking place both in countries of origin and reception. These changes can be valued as positive for both parts, (immigrants and receptors) in very few cases and very negative in determined circumstances, (exploitation of legal immigrants and overexploitation of illegal ones). Europe and the assembly of the so-called Western World are doubting between the establishment of immigrant contingents, integration, control of human traffickers, giving citizenship to those who become naturalized, measures to avoid abuses against immigrants and xenophobia because capitalist economy is going through an expansive phase. But, what will happen when a cycle of recess supervenes? Shall the immigrants arid ethnic minorities become again the scapegoats of economic misfortunes and social unrest? AS an exercise of prevention it is convenient from now on to begin a debate over the future challenges of immigration observed form all points of view. The present work pretends to contribute positively to this debate, being this matter of extraordinary responsibility for its complexity and for the sometimes dramatic reality of our nearest geographical environment.
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