Marcadores óseos de actividad física en la población aborigen de Gáldar (Siglos XI-XV DNE)
Keywords:
bioarqueología, división social del trabajo, marcadores óseos de actividad física, prehispánico, siglos XI-XV d.E., Islas Canarias, bioarchaeology, social division of labour, skeletal markers of physical activity, pre-Hispanic, 10-15th AD, Canary IslandsAbstract
La división social del trabajo es uno de los aspectos fundamentales que definen las relaciones sociales de producción. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es apreder cómo se materializa de esta división social del trabajo en la última fase del poblamiento prehispánico de Gáldar. Con este fin se analizaron los marcadores óseos de actividad física en la extremidad superior de las series esqueléticas de los cementerios de El Agujero (n=41) y Juan Primo (n=9), ambos localizados en Gáldar y datados por métodos radiocarbónicos entre los siglos XI y XV d.n.e. Los marcadores óseos de actividad física son reacciones óseas que se originan como respuesta a la actividad física y, por lo tanto, su análisis es una herramienta válida para el estudio de los patrones cotidianos de actividad laboral. Los resultados obtenidos manifestaron desigualdades estadísticamente significativas entre ambas poblaciones, entre sexos y, en menor grado, entre la lateralidad de las extremidades y la edad. Estos datos ponen de relieve diferencias en los patrones de actividad cotidianos llevados a cabo por estas poblaciones. Estas desigualdades en la expresión de los marcadores de actividad sugieren diferencias entre individuos en su posición dentro de la organización del proceso productivo y, más concretamente, de la división social del trabajo.
The social division of labor is one of the key aspects that define the social relations of production. The objective of this research was to verify the existence of this social division of labor during the final period of the pre- Hispanic occupation of Gáldar. For this purpose we have analyzed markers of physical activity in the upper limb from skeletal series of the cemeteries of El Agujero (No 41) and Juan Primo (No 9), both located in Gáldar and dated by radiocarbon methods between the 11th and 15th centuries AD. Skeletal markers of physical activity are bone reactions which arise as a response to physical activity, and therefore its analysis is a valid tool for studying patterns of daily physical activity. The results showed statistically significant disparities between the two populations, between sexes and, to a lesser degree, between laterality of the limbs and age. These data suggest differences in the patterns of daily activities conducted by these populations. These inequalities in the expression of the markers of activity suggest differences between individuals in their position inside the organization of the productive process and, more concretely, of the social division of labour.
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