The Imperial Succession in Rome: Strategies and Processes of Heir Preparation from Augustus to Claudius
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51349/veg.2026.2.19Keywords:
Augustus, Empire, Succesion, Tiberius, StrategyAbstract
The regime of Augustus (27 BC-14 AD) marked the transition to a government led by a single individual and the establishment of the Empire, as well as the initiation of dynastic succession. Although the position of princeps was not an official magistracy, Augustus established a system to ensure dynastic continuity, thus avoiding potential civil conflict. Through the granting of honours and positions approved by the Senate, candidates for succession were trained in various fields and familiarised with both the people and the legions. This article examines how this formative process was institutionalised, drawing on the works of ancient historians such as Velleius Paterculus, Suetonius, Tacitus and Dio Cassius.
Downloads
References
ABELE, T.A. (1907): Der Senat unter Augustus: Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur des Altertums. Schöningh, Paderborn.
BARRETT, A. (1990): Caligula. The corruption of power. New Haven.
BEARD, M. (2008): El triunfo romano: una historia de Roma a través de la celebración de sus victorias. Crítica, Barcelona.
BELLEMORE, J. (1995): The Wife of Sejanus. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 109: 255-266.
BELLEMORE, J. (2013): The identity of Drusus: The making of a Princeps. En: Gibson, A.G.G. (ed.) The Julio-Claudian succession. REality and perception of the “Augustan Model”. Brill. Leiden: 79-94.
BERANGER, B. (1953): Recherches sur l’aspect idéologique du Principat. Friedrich Reinhardt, Basilea.
BERANGER, B. (1975): Principatus. Études de notions et d’histoire politiques dans l’Antiquité gréco-romaine. Librairie Droz, S.A., Ginebra.
BIANCHI, E. (2006): La politica dinastica di Caligola. Mediterraneo Antico, 9 (2): 586-630.
CENERINI, F. (2009): La donna romana: modelli e realtà. Il Mulino, Bologna.
CORBIER, M. (1994): La maison des Césars. En: Bonté, P. (ed.) Épouser au plus proche. Inceste, prohibitions et strategies matrimoniales autour de la Méditerranée, Paris: 243-291.
CORBIER, M. (1995): Male power and legitimacy through women: The domus Augusta under the Julio-Claudians. En: Hawley, R.& Levick, B. (eds.). Women in Antiquity, new assessments. Routledge. London: 178-193.
CORBIER, M. (2001): Maiestas domus Augustae. Fratelli Lega, Faienza.
DESSAU, H. (1924): Geschichte der römischen Kaiserzeit. 2 vols. . Weidmann, Berlin.
EDER, W. (1990): Augustus and the power of tradition: The Augustan Principate as binding link between Republic and Empire. En: Raaflaub, K.A.& Toher, M. (eds.). Between Republic and Empire. Interpretations of Augustus and his Principate. University of California Press. Berkeley: 71-122.
EHRDHARDT, E. (1987): Messalina and the succession to Claudius. Antichton, 12: 51-78.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0066477400002550: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0066477400002550
EVANS, R.J.; KLEIJWEGT, M. (1992): Did the Romans like Young Men? A Study on the Lex Villia Annalis: Causes and Effects. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 92: 181-195.
EYBEN, E. (1993): Restless youth in ancient Rome. Routledge, London.
FAGAN, G. (2002): Messalina’s folly. Classical Quarterly, 52 (2): 566-579.https://doi.org/10.1093/cq/52.2.566: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/cq/52.2.566
FANTHAM, E. (2006): Julia Augusti. The Emperor’s Daughter. Londres.
FAYER, C. (1994): La famiglia romana. Aspetti giuridici ed antiquari, vol.1. L’Erma di Bretschneider, Rome.
FERRARY, J.L. (2014): The powers of Augustus. En: Edmonson, J. (ed.) Augustus. Edinburgh University Press. Edinburgh: 90-136.
FISHWICK, D. (1993): The Imperial Cult in the Latin West, vol.1 Studies in the Ruler Cult of the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire. Brill, Leiden.
FOUBERT, L. (2011): The impact of women’s travels on military imagery in the Julio-Claudian period. En: Kaizer, T.& Hekster, O. (eds.). Frontiers in the Roman world, Leiden: 349-362.
GALINSKY, K. (1996): Augustan Culture: An Interpretive Introduction. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
GALINSKY, K. (2015): Augustus’ auctoritas and Res Gestae 34.3. Hermes, 143: 244-249.https://doi.org/10.25162/hermes-2015-0018: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25162/hermes-2015-0018
GARDTHAUSEN, V. (1891): Augustus und seine Zeit. Druck und Verlag von B.G. Teubner, Aalen.
GRAY, E.W. (1970): The imperium of M. Agrippa. A note on P. Colon. inv. 4701. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 6: 227-238.
HAMMOND, M. (1933): The Augustan Principate in theory and practice during the Julio-Claudian period. Harvard University Press, Massachusetts.
HIDALGO DE LA VEGA, M.J. (2003): Esposas, hijas y madres imperiales: el poder de la legitimidad dinástica. Latomus, 62 (1): 47-72.
HORSTER (2011): Princeps Iuventutis. Concept, realisation, representation. En: Benoist, S.& al.), e. (eds.). Figures d’empire, fragments de mémoire: pouvoirs et identités dans le monde romain impérial. Presses Universitaires du Septentrion. Villeneuve d’Ascq: 73-103.
HURLET, F. (1992): La Lex de Imperio Vespasiani et la légimité Augustéene. Latomus, 52 (2): 261-280.
HURLET, F. (1997): Les collèges du prince sous Auguste et Tibère. De la légalité républicaine à la légimité dynastique. Publications de l'École Française de Rome, Roma.
HURLET, F. (2000): Les sénateurs dans l'entourage d'Auguste et de Tibère. Un complément à plusiers synthèses récentes sur la cour impériale Revue de philologie, de litterature et d’histoire anciennes, 74 (1-2): 123-150.
HURLET, F. (2001): Les auspices d’Octavien/Auguste. Cahiers du Centre G. Glotz: Revue d’histoire ancienne, 12: 155-180.https://doi.org/10.3406/ccgg.2001.1547: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3406/ccgg.2001.1547
HURLET, F. (2006): Le proconsul et le prince d’Auguste a Dioclétien. Ausonius, Pesac.
HURLET, F. (2015): La suprématie auspiciale du Prince en question(s). Une nouvelle hiérarchie des auspices. Cahiers du Centre G. Glotz: Revue d’histoire ancienne, 26: 289-305.
JONES, A.H.M. (1951): The imperium of Augustus. Journal of Roman Studies, 41 (1-2): 112-119.https://doi.org/10.2307/298104: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/298104
JOSHEL, S.R. (1995): Female desire and the discourse of Empire: Tacitus’s Messalina. Signs, 21 (1): 50-82.https://doi.org/10.1086/495042: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/495042
KLEINER, D.E.E.; BUXTON, B. (2008): Pledges of Empire: The Ara Pacis and the Donations of Rome. American Journal of Archaeology, 112 (1): 57-89.https://doi.org/10.3764/aja.112.1.57: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3764/aja.112.1.57
KOKKINOS, N. (1992): Antonia Augusta. Portrait of a great Roman lady. London.
LACEY, W.K. (1996): Augustus and the Principate: The evolution of the system. FRancis Cairns, Leeds.
LEVICK, B. (1966): Drusus Caesar and the adoptions A.D. 4. Latomus, 25 (2): 227-244.
LEVICK, B. (1972): Abdication and Agrippa Postumus. Historia: Zeitschift für Alte Geschichte, 21: 674-697.
LEVICK, B. (1975): Julians and Claudians. Greece&Rome, 22 (1): 29-38.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0017383500020039: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0017383500020039
LEVICK, B. (1976): Tiberius the politician. London.
LINDSAY, H. (2009): Adoption in the Roman World. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
LOBUR, J.A. (2008): Consensus, Concordia and the Formation of Roman Imperial Ideology. Routledge, New YorK/London.
LÓPEZ GÓMEZ, H. (2021): El officium de emperador romano: La influencia del modelo de Augusto. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela.
LÓPEZ GÓMEZ, H. (2023): Sobre imperium de Augusto una vez más. Puesta al día de una cuestión centenaria. Lucentum, 42: 221-239.10.14198/LVCENTVM.23166 https://doi.org/10.14198/LVCENTVM.23166
LÓPEZ GÓMEZ, H. (2024): Violence Against Women of the Roman Imperial Household: Examples of Gender-Based Violence? Classical World, 118 (1): 67-94.https://doi.org/10.1353/clw.2024.a944556: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1353/clw.2024.a944556
MAGDELAIN, A. (1974): Auctoritas Principis. Les Belles Lettres, Paris.
MAROTTA, V. (2016): Esercizio e trasmissione del potere imperiale (secoli I a IV d.C.). Studi di diritto publico romano. Giappichelli, Torino.
MASI, A. (1971): Richerche sulla “Res Privata” del Princeps. Giuffrè, Milano.
MEISE, E. (1969): Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Julisch-Claudischen Dynastie. Munchen.
MELLADO RIVERA, J.A. (2003): Princeps Iuventutis. La imagen monetaria del heredero en la época Julio-Claudia. Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alicante, Alicante.
MILLAR, F. (1966): The Emperor, the Senate in the Provinces. Journal of Roman Studies, 56 (1-2): 156-166.https://doi.org/10.2307/300142: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/300142
OLMO LÓPEZ, R. (2019): La política africana de Calígula y los primeros legados imperiales de la legio III Augusta: Una revisión. Revue des Études Anciennes, 121 (2)https://doi.org/10.3406/rea.2019.6922: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3406/rea.2019.6922
PANI, M. (1986): La missione di Germanico in Oriente. Politica estera e politica interna. En: Bonamente, G.& Segoloni, M.P. (eds.). Germanico: la persona, la personalità, il personaggio, nel bimillenario della nascita. L’Erma di Bretschneider. Rome.
PARSI, B. (1963): Désignation et investiture de l’empereur romain. Librairie Sirey, Paris.
REINHOLD, M. (1965): Marcus Agrippa: A Biography. L’Erma di Bretschneider, Rome.
RICH, J. (1990): Cassius Dio: The Augustan Settlement (Roman History 53-55.9). Aris&Phillips, Warminster.
RICH, J. (2012): Making the emergency permanent: auctoritas, potestas and the evolution of the Principate of Augustus. En: Rivière, Y. (ed.) Des réformes augustéenes, Vol. Rome. École Française de Rome. 37-121.
RICH, J.; WILLIAMS, J.H.C. (1999): Leges et Ivra P.R. Restitvit: A New Aureus of Octavian and the Settlement of 28-27 B.C. The Numismatic Chronicle, 159: 168-213.
RODDAZ, J.M. (1984): Marcus Agrippa. École Française de Rome, Rome.
SAURON, G. (1994): Quis Deum? L’expression plastique des idéologies politiques et religieuses à Rome. École Française de Rome, Rome.
SAURON, G. (2013): Augusto e Virgilio. La rivoluzione artistica dell’Occidente e l’ara Pacis. Jaca Books, Milano.
SEAGER, R. (2005): Tiberius. Blackwell, Oxford.
SEVERY, B. (2010): Augustus and the family at the birth of the Roman Empire. Routledge, London.
SIMPSON, C.P. (2005): Rome’s official Imperial seal? The rings of Augustus and his First Century successors. Historia: Zeitschift für Alte Geschichte, 54 (2): 180-188.
SYME, R. (1939): The Roman Revolution. The Clarendon Press, Oxford.
SYME, R. (1978): History in Ovid. Oxford.
SYME, R. (1986): The Augustan Aristocracy. Oxford.
TALAMANCA, M. (1989): Lineamenti di storia del diritto romano. Giuffrè, Milano.
VERVAET, F.J. (2009): In what capacity did Caesar Octavianus restitute the Republic? En: Hurlet, F.& Mineo, B. (eds.). Le Principat d’Auguste. Réalités et représentations du pouvoir autour de la Res Publica Restituta. Presses Universitaires de Rennes. Rennes: 49-72.
VERVAET, F.J. (2010): The secret history: the official position of Imperator Caesar Divi Filius from 31 to 27 BCE. Ancient Society, 40: 70-152.
VON PREMERSTEIN (1937): Vom Werden und Wesen des Prinzipats. Múnich.
ZANKER, P. (1992): Augusto y el poder de las imágenes. Alianza, Madrid.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Helena López Gómez

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The articles are open access distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) Spain 4.0 license. Authors who publish in this journal agree with the following terms:
a) Authors retain the copyright and guarantee the journal the right to be the first publication of the work as well as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with a recognition of the authorship of the work and the Initial publication in this magazine.
b) Authors may separately establish additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (for example, place it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with recognition of its initial publication in this magazine.
c) Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (for example, in institutional repositories or on their own website) before and during the submission process, as it may result in productive exchanges, as well as a earliest and largest citation of published works (See The Effect of Open Access).
Deprecated: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/revistavegueta.ulpgc.es/httpdocs/ojs/plugins/generic/citations/CitationsPlugin.php on line 68

